Medical Community Articles and Studies
Clinical Research Articles About Infrared Pain Therapy
Light Therapy Research Article
Whole-Body Regenerative Radiant Therapy
Medical Community Articles About Ultrasound Therapy
University of Iowa - Ultrasound is the BestFormofHeat Treatment for Soft Tissue Injuries.
Psychology Today- Painful Muscular Condition Responds to Noninvasive Ultrasound Treatment.
New England Journal of Medicine - Ultrasound Therapy for CalcificTendinitis of the Shoulder.
Journal ofAthletic Training - Ultrasound Treatments Raise Muscle Temperature.
American Academy of Family Physicians - Ultrasound Therapy for Calcific Tendinitis of the Shoulder.
Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery - The Use Of Low Intensity Ultrasound To Accelerate The Healing Of Fractures.
Canadian Medical Association Journal - Low Intensity Pulsed UltrasoundReduces Fracture Healing Time.
Canadian Medical Association Journal - .The effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy on time to fracture healing: a meta-analysis.
American Family Physician- Ultrasound effective in treating carpal tunnel syndrome.
Hospital for Special Surgery - Ultrasound Helps Fractures to Heal.
National InstituteofHealth - Ultrasound Effective at Aiding Tendon Healing.
Tulane University - Tulane orthopedists are using low-intensity sonic ultrasound waves to get patients with fractured bones out of plaster faster.
Podiatry Today - New Research EmergesOnBenefitsOf Ultrasound Use.
American Physical Therapy Association- PulsedUltrasound Key to Phonophoresis.
British Medical Journal - Ultrasound Treatments Effective For CarpalTunnelSyndrome.
Radiological Society of North America - Noninvasive Ultrasound Treatment Shrinks Fibroids.
Science Daily - Jefferson Researchers Find That Ultrasound Helps In Treating Tennis Elbow And Other Tendon Problems.
Technical Studies About Ultrasound Therapy
The body of scientific knowledge characterizing the positive bio-effects of ultrasound is rapidly accumulating....
General Review of the Bio effects of Ultrasound
Baker KG, Robertson VJ, Duck FA. A Review of Therapeutic Ultrasound: Biophysical. Effects. Phys Ther. 2001; 81:1351-1358. Link
Barnett SB, Ter Haar GR, Ziskin MC, Nyborg WL, Maeda K, Bang J. Current Status of Research on Biophysical Effects of Ultrasound. Ultrasound in Med. And Biol., Vol., 20, No. 3, pp. 205-218, 1994. Link
Robertson VJ, Baker KG. A Review of Therapeutic Ultrasound: Effectiveness Studies. Phys Ther. 2001; 81:1339-1350. Link
Increased Nerve Regeneration
Crisci AR, Ferreira AL. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates the regeneration of the sciatic nerve after neurotomy in rats.
Ultrasound Med Biol. 2002 Oct;28(10):1335-41
Lazar DA, Curra FP, Mohr B, McNutt LD, Kliot M, Mourad PD. Acceleration of recovery after injury to the peripheral nervous system using ultrasound and other therapeutic modalities.
Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2001 Apr;12(2):353-7. Link
Paik NJ, Cho SH, Han TR. Ultrasound therapy facilitates the recovery of acute pressure-induced conduction block of the median nerve in rabbits. Muscle Nerve. 2002 Sep;26(3):356-61 Link
Mourad PD, Lazar DA, Curra FP, Mohr BC, Andrus KC, Avellino AM, McNutt LD, Crum LA, Kliot M. Ultrasound accelerates functional recovery after peripheral nerve damage.
Neurosurgery.2001May;48(5):1136-40; discussion 1140-1. Link
Metabolic Effects
Altland OD, Dalecki D, Suchkova VN, Francis CW. Low-intensity ultrasound increases endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase activity and nitric oxide synthesis.
J Thromb Haemost. 2004 Apr;2(4):637-43. Link
Suchkova V, Siddiqi FN, Carstensen EL, Dalecki D, Child S, Francis CW. Enhancement of fibrinolysis with 40-kHz ultrasound.
Circulation. 1998 Sep 8;98(10):1030-5. Link
Increased Fracture Healing:
Warden SJ, Favaloro JM, Bennell KL, McMeeken JM, Ng KW, Zajac JD, Wark JD. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulates a bone-forming response in UMR-106 cells.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Aug 24;286(3):443-50. Link
Warden SJ. A new direction for ultrasound therapy in sports medicine.
Sports Med. 2003;33(2):95-107. Review. Link
Warden SJ, Bennell KL, McMeeken JM, Wark JD. Acceleration of fresh fracture repair using the sonic accelerated fracture healing system (SAFHS): a review. Calcif Tissue Int. 2000 Feb;66(2):157-63. Review. Link
Increased collagen repair
Da Cunha A, Parizotto NA, Vidal Bde C. The effect of therapeutic ultrasound on repair of the achilles tendon (tendo calcaneus) of the rat.
Ultrasound Med Biol. 2001 Dec;27(12):1691-6.
Demir H, Yaray S, Kirnap M, Yaray K. Comparison of the effects of laser and ultrasound treatments on experimental wound healing in rats.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 2004 Sep;41(5):721-8.
Improved resolution of inflammation
Young SR, Dyson M. Macrophage responsiveness to therapeutic ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1990;16(8):809-16. Link
Increased Tissue Healing
Young SR, Dyson M. Effect of therapeutic ultrasound on the healing of full-thickness excised skin lesions. Ultrasonics. 1990 May;28(3):175-80. Link
Young SR, Dyson M. The effect of therapeutic ultrasound on angiogenesis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1990;16(3):261-9. Link
Increased Membrane Permeability
Dinno MA, Dyson M, Young SR, Mortimer AJ, Hart J, Crum LA. The significance of membrane changes in the safe and effective use of therapeutic and diagnostic ultrasound. Phys Med Biol. 1989Nov;34(11):1543-52. Review. Link
Sundaram J, Mellein BR, Mitragotri S. An experimental and theoretical analysis of ultrasound-induced permeabilization of cell membranes. Biophys J. 2003 May;84(5):3087-101. Link
Accelerated fibrinolysis
Harpaz D. Ultrasound enhancement of thrombolytic therapy: observations and mechanisms.
Int J Cardiovasc Intervent. 2000 Jun;3(2):81-89. Link
Harpaz D, Chen X, Francis CW, Meltzer RS. Ultrasound accelerates urokinase-induced thrombolysis and reperfusion. Am Heart J. 1994 May;127(5):1211-9. Link
Harpaz D, Chen X, Francis CW, Marder VJ, Meltzer RS. Ultrasound enhancement of thrombolysis and reperfusion in vitro. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993 May;21(6):1507-11. Link
Increased matrix/collagen synthesis
Webster DF, Harvery W, Dyson M, Pond JB. The role of ultrasound-induced cavitation in the 'in vitro' stimulation of collagen synthesis in human fibroblasts. Ultrasonics. 1980 Jan;18(1):33-7.
Webster DF, Pond JB, Dyson M, Harvey W. The role of cavitation in the in vitro stimulation of protein synthesis in human fibroblasts by ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1978;4(4):343-51. Noabstract available. Link
Phonophoresis
Byl NN. The use of ultrasound as an enhancer for transcutaneous drug delivery: phonophoresis. Phys Ther. 1995 Jun;75(6):539-53. Review. Link
Byl NN, McKenzie A, Wond T, West J, Hunt TK. The effects of phonophoresis with corticosteroids: a controlled pilot study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1993 Nov;18(5):590-600. Link
Kozanoglu E, Basaran S, Guzel R, Guler-Uysal F. Short term efficacy of ibuprofen phonophoresis versus continuous ultrasound therapy in knee osteoarthritis. Swiss Med Wkly. 2003 Jun 14;133(23-24):333-8. Link
Tezel A, Paliwal S, Shen Z, Mitragotri S. Low-frequency ultrasound as a transcutaneous immunization adjuvant. Vaccine. 2005 May 31;23(29):3800-7. Epub 2005 Mar 16. Link
Mitragotri S. Healing sound: the use of ultrasound in drug delivery and other therapeutic applications. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Mar;4(3):255-60. Review. Link
Tezel A, Dokka S, Kelly S, Hardee GE, Mitragotri S. Topical delivery of anti-sense oligonucleotides using low-frequency sonophoresis. Pharm Res. 2004 Dec;21(12):2219-25. Link
Mitragotri S. Sonophoresis: a 50-year journey. Drug Discov Today. 2004 Sep 1;9(17):735-6. No abstract available. Link
Prausnitz MR, Mitragotri S, Langer R. Current status and future potential of transdermal drug delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004 Feb;3(2):115-24. Review. Link
Mitragotri S, Kost J. Low-frequency sonophoresis: a review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2004 Mar 27;56(5):589-601. Review. Link
Tezel A, Sens A, Mitragotri S. Description of transdermal transport of hydrophilic solutes during low-frequency sonophoresis based on a modified porous pathway model. J Pharm Sci. 2003 Feb;92(2):381-93. Link
Tezel A, Sens A, Mitragotri S. A theoretical analysis of low-frequency sonophoresis: dependence of transdermal transport pathways on frequency and energy density. Pharm Res. 2002 Dec;19(12):1841-6. Link
Tezel A, Sens A, Tuchscherer J, Mitragotri S. Synergistic effect of low-frequency ultrasound and surfactants on skin permeability. J Pharm Sci. 2002 Jan;91(1):91-100. Link
Mitragotri S, Kost J. Transdermal delivery of heparin and low-molecular weight heparin using low-frequency ultrasound. Pharm Res. 2001 Aug;18(8):1151-6. Link
Tang H, Mitragotri S, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Theoretical description of transdermal transport of hydrophilic permeants: application to low-frequency sonophoresis. J Pharm Sci. 2001May;90(5):545-68. Link
Mitragotri S. Effect of therapeutic ultrasound on partition and diffusion coefficients in human stratum corneum. J Control Release. 2001 Mar 12;71(1):23-9. Review. Link
Le L, Kost J, Mitragotri S. Combined effect of low-frequency ultrasound and iontophoresis: applications for transdermal heparin delivery. Pharm Res. 2000 Sep;17(9):1151-4. No abstractavailable.Link
Mitragotri S, Coleman M, Kost J, Langer R. Analysis of ultrasonically extracted interstitial fluid as a predictor of blood glucose levels. J Appl Physiol. 2000 Sep;89(3):961-6. Link
Mitragotri S, Coleman M, Kost J, Langer R. Transdermal extraction of analytes using low-frequency ultrasound. Pharm Res. 2000 Apr;17(4):466-70. Link
Mitragotri S, Kost J. Low-frequency sonophoresis: a noninvasive method of drug delivery and diagnostics. Biotechnol Prog. 2000 May-Jun;16(3):488-92. Link
Mitragotri S, Blankschtein D, Langer R. An explanation for the variation of the sonophoretic transdermal transport enhancement from drug to drug. J Pharm Sci. 1997 Oct;86(10):1190-2.
Mitragotri S, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Ultrasound-mediated transdermal protein delivery. Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):850-3. Link
Mitragotri S, Edwards DA, Blankschtein D, Langer R. A mechanistic study of ultrasonically-enhanced transdermal drug delivery. J Pharm Sci. 1995 Jun;84(6):697-706. Link
Mitragotri S, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery using low-frequency sonophoresis. Pharm Res. 1996 Mar;13(3):411-20. Link
Kost J, Pliquett U, Mitragotri S, Yamamoto A, Langer R, Weaver J. Synergistic effects of chemical enhancers and therapeutic ultrasound on transdermal drug delivery. J Pharm Sci. 1996 Jul;85(7):670-9. Link
Johnson ME, Mitragotri S, Patel A, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Synergistic effects of chemical enhancers and therapeutic ultrasound on transdermal drug delivery. J Pharm Sci. 1996 Jul;85(7):670-9. Link
Mitragotri S, Ray D, Farrell J, Tang H, Yu B, Kost J, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Synergistic effect of low-frequency ultrasound and sodium lauryl sulfate on transdermal transport. J Pharm Sci.2000 Jul;89(7):892-900. Link
Kost J, Mitragotri S, Gabbay RA, Pishko M, Langer R., Transdermal monitoring of glucose and other analytes using ultrasound. Nat Med. 2000 Mar;6(3):347-50. No abstract available. Link
Mitragotri S, Farrell J, Tang H, Terahara T, Kost J, Langer R. Determination of threshold energy dose for ultrasound-induced transdermal drug transport. J Control Release. 2000 Jan 3;63(1-2):41-52. Link
Tezel A, Sens A, Mitragotri S. Incorporation of lipophilic pathways into the porous pathway model for describing skin permeabilization during low-frequency sonophoresis. J Control Release. 2002Sep 18;83(1):183-8. Link
Tezel A, Sens A, Tuchscherer J, Mitragotri S. Frequency dependence of sonophoresis. Pharm Res. 2001 Dec;18(12):1694-700. Link
Arthritis
Huang MH, Lin YS, Lee CL, Yang RC. Use of ultrasound to increase effectiveness of isokinetic exercise for knee osteoarthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Aug;86(8):1545-51. Link
Huang MH, Tsau JC, Ding HJ, Chai CY, Yang RC. The role of mucopolysaccharide induction in treatment of experimental osteoarthritis in rats by ultrasound. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 1997 Nov;13(11):661-70. Link
Huang MH, Ding HJ, Chai CY, Huang YF, Yang RC. Effects of sonication on articular cartilage in experimental osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 1997 Oct;24(10):1978-84. Link
Majlesi J. Unalan H. High-Power Pain Threshold Ultrasound Technique in the Treatment of Active Myofascial Trigger Points: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Case-Control Study. Arch Phys MedRehabil 2004;85:833-6. Link
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